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Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
/**
* @file screenshot.c
* @brief Run one BASIC program against an offscreen renderer and save a PNG.
*
* The documentation's graphics and sprite chapters describe what a verb draws,
* and a sentence is a poor way to describe a picture. This is what turns the
* listing in a chapter into the image beside it -- tools/docs_screenshots.sh
* extracts the listing from the markdown and hands it here, so the picture is
* generated from the exact program the reader is looking at rather than from a
* copy that can drift away from it.
*
* **It is a host, like src/frontend_akgl.c**, and it is deliberately a separate
* one: the frontend opens a real window, pumps events and never stops until the
* script quits, none of which a build step wants. What this does instead is the
* shortest path to pixels -- the dummy video driver, a software renderer, run to
* completion, read the target back, write it out. deps/libakgl/tests/draw.c and
* tests/akgl_backends.c set that pattern; this is the third user of it.
*
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
* **The text layer is not drawn unless a font is named.** A screenshot in the
* graphics chapter is of the drawing, and a `READY` in the corner is noise in a
* figure about `CIRCLE`; leaving the layer out also means no font has to be
* found, which keeps this runnable from a build tree with no assets resolved.
*
* A figure of a program whose *output is text* needs the opposite, and
* docs/17-tutorial-breakout.md is one: that game's wall, HUD and messages are
* characters in the grid, so a picture without the text layer is a picture of
* two sprites on a black field. Naming a font as the fifth argument swaps the
* stdio sink for the akgl one and renders the grid before the sprites, in the
* same order src/frontend_akgl.c uses. The fence attribute that asks for it is
* `text=1`; tools/docs_screenshots.sh turns that into this argument.
*
* The sink is the akgl one *alone* rather than a tee, so a program's output
* lands in the picture rather than on stdout -- which is what the caller reads
* to decide a figure failed. Nothing is lost: `screenshot=` blocks are also run
* by tests/docs_examples.sh, which is where a raised error is caught.
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
#include <SDL3_image/SDL_image.h>
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
#include <SDL3_ttf/SDL_ttf.h>
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
#include <akerror.h>
#include <akgl/error.h>
/*
* game.h for the `renderer` and `camera` globals: akgl_actor_render() reads
* both without taking either as an argument, so a host that never calls
* akgl_game_init() -- which is every host here, because owning the game loop is
* what goal 3 forbids -- populates them itself. Same three lines as
* src/frontend_akgl.c and tests/akgl_backends.c, and each says so.
*/
#include <akgl/game.h>
#include <akgl/heap.h>
#include <akgl/registry.h>
#include <akgl/renderer.h>
#include <akbasic/akgl.h>
#include <akbasic/error.h>
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
#include <akbasic/frontend.h>
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
#include <akbasic/runtime.h>
#include <akbasic/sink.h>
/** @brief The interpreter carries every pool it owns, so it does not fit on a stack. */
static akbasic_Runtime RUNTIME;
static akbasic_TextSink SINK;
static akbasic_StdioSink SINKSTATE;
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
/** @brief The text grid, and the font behind it. Only used when one is named. */
static akbasic_AkglSink GRIDSTATE;
static TTF_Font *FONT = NULL;
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
static akbasic_GraphicsBackend GRAPHICS;
static akbasic_AkglGraphics GRAPHICSSTATE;
static akbasic_SpriteBackend SPRITES;
static akbasic_AkglSprites SPRITESSTATE;
/*
* No `window` of our own: akgl/game.h declares one as an unprefixed extern --
* libakgl's TODO calls that a defect and it is -- so a static here shadows it
* and the file will not compile. Writing the global is what a host does anyway.
*/
/** @brief The whole program, read in one go. Longer than any figure's listing. */
static char SOURCE[65536];
static void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
"usage: akbasic_screenshot <program.bas> <output.png> [width] [height] [font.ttf]\n"
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
"\n"
" Runs the program against an offscreen renderer of the given size\n"
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
" (default 320x200) and writes what it drew as a PNG.\n"
"\n"
" Naming a font draws the text grid as well, for a figure of a\n"
" program whose output is characters rather than drawing.\n");
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
}
/** @brief Slurp the program. A figure's listing is small; a partial read is not tolerated. */
static akerr_ErrorContext AKERR_NOIGNORE *read_program(const char *path)
{
PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
FILE *in = NULL;
size_t got = 0;
memset(SOURCE, 0, sizeof(SOURCE));
in = fopen(path, "r");
FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (in != NULL), AKERR_IO, "could not open %s", path);
got = fread(SOURCE, 1, sizeof(SOURCE) - 1, in);
fclose(in);
FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (got > 0), AKERR_IO, "%s is empty", path);
FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (got < sizeof(SOURCE) - 1), AKERR_OUTOFBOUNDS,
"%s is longer than %zu bytes", path, sizeof(SOURCE) - 1);
SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}
/**
* @brief Everything between SDL being up and the pixels being readable.
*
* Split out so the ATTEMPT in main() has one thing to CATCH and the SDL
* teardown has one place to happen.
*/
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
static akerr_ErrorContext AKERR_NOIGNORE *draw_program(const char *outpath, int w, int h,
const char *fontpath)
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
{
PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
SDL_Surface *shot = NULL;
PASS(errctx, akgl_error_init());
Take libakgl 0.5.0 and rename every symbol it namespaced 0.5.0 gives every exported symbol the akgl_ prefix, which is the first libakgl release to break this project's source rather than only its ABI. The soname goes to libakgl.so.0.5 and include/akbasic/akgl.h asserts the floor. What moved here: akgl_render_bind2d is akgl_render_2d_bind, akgl_sprite_sheet_coords_for_frame is akgl_spritesheet_coords_for_frame, the renderer, camera and window globals carry the prefix, and _akgl_renderer and _akgl_camera are akgl_default_renderer and akgl_default_camera. The renames were applied by site rather than by pattern, because renderer is also a parameter name in src/sprite_akgl.c and a struct member throughout src/frontend_akgl.c -- a substitution would have rewritten both without a word. That is the same trap upstream describes hitting, and it is worth knowing that the defect behind the rename was not cosmetic: an exported global called renderer collided with a test's own variable, the executable's definition preempted the library's, and every texture load in that suite failed while the suite passed. 0.5.0 also fixes libakgl defect 26, which was one of the two reasons src/sprite_akgl.c installs its own renderfunc: akgl_actor_render took its destination height from the sprite's width, drawing a 24x21 Commodore sprite as a 24x24 square. The renderfunc stays, because the other reason has not moved -- an actor carries one scalar scale and SPRITE has separate x- and y-expand bits -- but the comments and TODO.md deviation 40 no longer claim a defect that is fixed. Every documentation figure re-renders byte-identical under the new library, which is what says the sprite and drawing paths did not move underneath them. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 08:01:43 -04:00
akgl_renderer = &akgl_default_renderer;
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO), AKGL_ERR_SDL,
"Couldn't initialize SDL: %s", SDL_GetError());
FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx,
SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer("net/aklabs/akbasic/screenshot", w, h, 0,
Take libakgl 0.5.0 and rename every symbol it namespaced 0.5.0 gives every exported symbol the akgl_ prefix, which is the first libakgl release to break this project's source rather than only its ABI. The soname goes to libakgl.so.0.5 and include/akbasic/akgl.h asserts the floor. What moved here: akgl_render_bind2d is akgl_render_2d_bind, akgl_sprite_sheet_coords_for_frame is akgl_spritesheet_coords_for_frame, the renderer, camera and window globals carry the prefix, and _akgl_renderer and _akgl_camera are akgl_default_renderer and akgl_default_camera. The renames were applied by site rather than by pattern, because renderer is also a parameter name in src/sprite_akgl.c and a struct member throughout src/frontend_akgl.c -- a substitution would have rewritten both without a word. That is the same trap upstream describes hitting, and it is worth knowing that the defect behind the rename was not cosmetic: an exported global called renderer collided with a test's own variable, the executable's definition preempted the library's, and every texture load in that suite failed while the suite passed. 0.5.0 also fixes libakgl defect 26, which was one of the two reasons src/sprite_akgl.c installs its own renderfunc: akgl_actor_render took its destination height from the sprite's width, drawing a 24x21 Commodore sprite as a 24x24 square. The renderfunc stays, because the other reason has not moved -- an actor carries one scalar scale and SPRITE has separate x- and y-expand bits -- but the comments and TODO.md deviation 40 no longer claim a defect that is fixed. Every documentation figure re-renders byte-identical under the new library, which is what says the sprite and drawing paths did not move underneath them. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 08:01:43 -04:00
&akgl_window, &akgl_renderer->sdl_renderer),
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
AKGL_ERR_SDL, "Couldn't create window/renderer: %s", SDL_GetError());
Take libakgl 0.5.0 and rename every symbol it namespaced 0.5.0 gives every exported symbol the akgl_ prefix, which is the first libakgl release to break this project's source rather than only its ABI. The soname goes to libakgl.so.0.5 and include/akbasic/akgl.h asserts the floor. What moved here: akgl_render_bind2d is akgl_render_2d_bind, akgl_sprite_sheet_coords_for_frame is akgl_spritesheet_coords_for_frame, the renderer, camera and window globals carry the prefix, and _akgl_renderer and _akgl_camera are akgl_default_renderer and akgl_default_camera. The renames were applied by site rather than by pattern, because renderer is also a parameter name in src/sprite_akgl.c and a struct member throughout src/frontend_akgl.c -- a substitution would have rewritten both without a word. That is the same trap upstream describes hitting, and it is worth knowing that the defect behind the rename was not cosmetic: an exported global called renderer collided with a test's own variable, the executable's definition preempted the library's, and every texture load in that suite failed while the suite passed. 0.5.0 also fixes libakgl defect 26, which was one of the two reasons src/sprite_akgl.c installs its own renderfunc: akgl_actor_render took its destination height from the sprite's width, drawing a 24x21 Commodore sprite as a 24x24 square. The renderfunc stays, because the other reason has not moved -- an actor carries one scalar scale and SPRITE has separate x- and y-expand bits -- but the comments and TODO.md deviation 40 no longer claim a defect that is fixed. Every documentation figure re-renders byte-identical under the new library, which is what says the sprite and drawing paths did not move underneath them. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 08:01:43 -04:00
PASS(errctx, akgl_render_2d_bind(akgl_renderer));
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
PASS(errctx, akgl_heap_init());
PASS(errctx, akgl_registry_init());
Take libakgl 0.5.0 and rename every symbol it namespaced 0.5.0 gives every exported symbol the akgl_ prefix, which is the first libakgl release to break this project's source rather than only its ABI. The soname goes to libakgl.so.0.5 and include/akbasic/akgl.h asserts the floor. What moved here: akgl_render_bind2d is akgl_render_2d_bind, akgl_sprite_sheet_coords_for_frame is akgl_spritesheet_coords_for_frame, the renderer, camera and window globals carry the prefix, and _akgl_renderer and _akgl_camera are akgl_default_renderer and akgl_default_camera. The renames were applied by site rather than by pattern, because renderer is also a parameter name in src/sprite_akgl.c and a struct member throughout src/frontend_akgl.c -- a substitution would have rewritten both without a word. That is the same trap upstream describes hitting, and it is worth knowing that the defect behind the rename was not cosmetic: an exported global called renderer collided with a test's own variable, the executable's definition preempted the library's, and every texture load in that suite failed while the suite passed. 0.5.0 also fixes libakgl defect 26, which was one of the two reasons src/sprite_akgl.c installs its own renderfunc: akgl_actor_render took its destination height from the sprite's width, drawing a 24x21 Commodore sprite as a 24x24 square. The renderfunc stays, because the other reason has not moved -- an actor carries one scalar scale and SPRITE has separate x- and y-expand bits -- but the comments and TODO.md deviation 40 no longer claim a defect that is fixed. Every documentation figure re-renders byte-identical under the new library, which is what says the sprite and drawing paths did not move underneath them. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 08:01:43 -04:00
akgl_camera = &akgl_default_camera;
akgl_camera->x = 0.0f;
akgl_camera->y = 0.0f;
akgl_camera->w = (float32_t)w;
akgl_camera->h = (float32_t)h;
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
/*
* Opaque black, so a figure has a defined background rather than whatever
* the driver left in the buffer. GRAPHIC's own clear is a filled rectangle
* over the output for a reason src/graphics_akgl.c explains -- clearing is
* the host's prerogative -- and this is the host doing it.
*/
Take libakgl 0.5.0 and rename every symbol it namespaced 0.5.0 gives every exported symbol the akgl_ prefix, which is the first libakgl release to break this project's source rather than only its ABI. The soname goes to libakgl.so.0.5 and include/akbasic/akgl.h asserts the floor. What moved here: akgl_render_bind2d is akgl_render_2d_bind, akgl_sprite_sheet_coords_for_frame is akgl_spritesheet_coords_for_frame, the renderer, camera and window globals carry the prefix, and _akgl_renderer and _akgl_camera are akgl_default_renderer and akgl_default_camera. The renames were applied by site rather than by pattern, because renderer is also a parameter name in src/sprite_akgl.c and a struct member throughout src/frontend_akgl.c -- a substitution would have rewritten both without a word. That is the same trap upstream describes hitting, and it is worth knowing that the defect behind the rename was not cosmetic: an exported global called renderer collided with a test's own variable, the executable's definition preempted the library's, and every texture load in that suite failed while the suite passed. 0.5.0 also fixes libakgl defect 26, which was one of the two reasons src/sprite_akgl.c installs its own renderfunc: akgl_actor_render took its destination height from the sprite's width, drawing a 24x21 Commodore sprite as a 24x24 square. The renderfunc stays, because the other reason has not moved -- an actor carries one scalar scale and SPRITE has separate x- and y-expand bits -- but the comments and TODO.md deviation 40 no longer claim a defect that is fixed. Every documentation figure re-renders byte-identical under the new library, which is what says the sprite and drawing paths did not move underneath them. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 08:01:43 -04:00
FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(akgl_renderer->sdl_renderer, 0, 0, 0, 0xff),
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
AKGL_ERR_SDL, "%s", SDL_GetError());
Take libakgl 0.5.0 and rename every symbol it namespaced 0.5.0 gives every exported symbol the akgl_ prefix, which is the first libakgl release to break this project's source rather than only its ABI. The soname goes to libakgl.so.0.5 and include/akbasic/akgl.h asserts the floor. What moved here: akgl_render_bind2d is akgl_render_2d_bind, akgl_sprite_sheet_coords_for_frame is akgl_spritesheet_coords_for_frame, the renderer, camera and window globals carry the prefix, and _akgl_renderer and _akgl_camera are akgl_default_renderer and akgl_default_camera. The renames were applied by site rather than by pattern, because renderer is also a parameter name in src/sprite_akgl.c and a struct member throughout src/frontend_akgl.c -- a substitution would have rewritten both without a word. That is the same trap upstream describes hitting, and it is worth knowing that the defect behind the rename was not cosmetic: an exported global called renderer collided with a test's own variable, the executable's definition preempted the library's, and every texture load in that suite failed while the suite passed. 0.5.0 also fixes libakgl defect 26, which was one of the two reasons src/sprite_akgl.c installs its own renderfunc: akgl_actor_render took its destination height from the sprite's width, drawing a 24x21 Commodore sprite as a 24x24 square. The renderfunc stays, because the other reason has not moved -- an actor carries one scalar scale and SPRITE has separate x- and y-expand bits -- but the comments and TODO.md deviation 40 no longer claim a defect that is fixed. Every documentation figure re-renders byte-identical under the new library, which is what says the sprite and drawing paths did not move underneath them. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 08:01:43 -04:00
FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, SDL_RenderClear(akgl_renderer->sdl_renderer),
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
AKGL_ERR_SDL, "%s", SDL_GetError());
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
/*
* With no font: stdout, so a program that errors puts its
* "? line : CLASS message" where the caller reads it. With one: the grid,
* so the characters the program writes are in the picture. The file comment
* explains why the two are not teed together.
*/
if ( fontpath == NULL ) {
PASS(errctx, akbasic_sink_init_stdio(&SINK, &SINKSTATE, stdout, NULL));
} else {
FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, TTF_Init(), AKGL_ERR_SDL,
"Couldn't initialize SDL_ttf: %s", SDL_GetError());
FONT = TTF_OpenFont(fontpath, (float)AKBASIC_FRONTEND_FONT_SIZE);
FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (FONT != NULL), AKGL_ERR_SDL,
"Couldn't open the font %s: %s", fontpath, SDL_GetError());
PASS(errctx, akbasic_sink_init_akgl(&SINK, &GRIDSTATE, akgl_renderer, FONT, w, h));
}
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_init(&RUNTIME, &SINK));
Take libakgl 0.5.0 and rename every symbol it namespaced 0.5.0 gives every exported symbol the akgl_ prefix, which is the first libakgl release to break this project's source rather than only its ABI. The soname goes to libakgl.so.0.5 and include/akbasic/akgl.h asserts the floor. What moved here: akgl_render_bind2d is akgl_render_2d_bind, akgl_sprite_sheet_coords_for_frame is akgl_spritesheet_coords_for_frame, the renderer, camera and window globals carry the prefix, and _akgl_renderer and _akgl_camera are akgl_default_renderer and akgl_default_camera. The renames were applied by site rather than by pattern, because renderer is also a parameter name in src/sprite_akgl.c and a struct member throughout src/frontend_akgl.c -- a substitution would have rewritten both without a word. That is the same trap upstream describes hitting, and it is worth knowing that the defect behind the rename was not cosmetic: an exported global called renderer collided with a test's own variable, the executable's definition preempted the library's, and every texture load in that suite failed while the suite passed. 0.5.0 also fixes libakgl defect 26, which was one of the two reasons src/sprite_akgl.c installs its own renderfunc: akgl_actor_render took its destination height from the sprite's width, drawing a 24x21 Commodore sprite as a 24x24 square. The renderfunc stays, because the other reason has not moved -- an actor carries one scalar scale and SPRITE has separate x- and y-expand bits -- but the comments and TODO.md deviation 40 no longer claim a defect that is fixed. Every documentation figure re-renders byte-identical under the new library, which is what says the sprite and drawing paths did not move underneath them. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 08:01:43 -04:00
PASS(errctx, akbasic_graphics_init_akgl(&GRAPHICS, &GRAPHICSSTATE, akgl_renderer));
PASS(errctx, akbasic_sprite_init_akgl(&SPRITES, &SPRITESSTATE, akgl_renderer, &GRAPHICSSTATE));
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_set_devices(&RUNTIME, &GRAPHICS, NULL, NULL, &SPRITES));
PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_load(&RUNTIME, SOURCE));
PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_start(&RUNTIME, AKBASIC_MODE_RUN));
PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_run(&RUNTIME, 0));
/*
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
* The drawing verbs are immediate and are already on the target. The text
* grid and the sprites are not: both are redrawn from state the interpreter
* keeps, which in the standalone frontend happens once a frame. There is no
* frame here, so this is it -- and the order is the frontend's, grid first
* and sprites over it, because that ordering is what a program written
* against the real host will have assumed.
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
*/
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
if ( fontpath != NULL ) {
PASS(errctx, akbasic_sink_akgl_render(&SINK));
}
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
PASS(errctx, akbasic_sprite_akgl_render(&SPRITES));
Take libakgl 0.5.0 and rename every symbol it namespaced 0.5.0 gives every exported symbol the akgl_ prefix, which is the first libakgl release to break this project's source rather than only its ABI. The soname goes to libakgl.so.0.5 and include/akbasic/akgl.h asserts the floor. What moved here: akgl_render_bind2d is akgl_render_2d_bind, akgl_sprite_sheet_coords_for_frame is akgl_spritesheet_coords_for_frame, the renderer, camera and window globals carry the prefix, and _akgl_renderer and _akgl_camera are akgl_default_renderer and akgl_default_camera. The renames were applied by site rather than by pattern, because renderer is also a parameter name in src/sprite_akgl.c and a struct member throughout src/frontend_akgl.c -- a substitution would have rewritten both without a word. That is the same trap upstream describes hitting, and it is worth knowing that the defect behind the rename was not cosmetic: an exported global called renderer collided with a test's own variable, the executable's definition preempted the library's, and every texture load in that suite failed while the suite passed. 0.5.0 also fixes libakgl defect 26, which was one of the two reasons src/sprite_akgl.c installs its own renderfunc: akgl_actor_render took its destination height from the sprite's width, drawing a 24x21 Commodore sprite as a 24x24 square. The renderfunc stays, because the other reason has not moved -- an actor carries one scalar scale and SPRITE has separate x- and y-expand bits -- but the comments and TODO.md deviation 40 no longer claim a defect that is fixed. Every documentation figure re-renders byte-identical under the new library, which is what says the sprite and drawing paths did not move underneath them. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 08:01:43 -04:00
shot = SDL_RenderReadPixels(akgl_renderer->sdl_renderer, NULL);
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (shot != NULL), AKGL_ERR_SDL,
"Couldn't read the target back: %s", SDL_GetError());
if ( !IMG_SavePNG(shot, outpath) ) {
SDL_DestroySurface(shot);
FAIL_RETURN(errctx, AKGL_ERR_SDL, "Couldn't write %s: %s", outpath, SDL_GetError());
}
SDL_DestroySurface(shot);
SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
int w = 320;
int h = 200;
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
const char *fontpath = NULL;
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
if ( argc < 3 ) {
usage();
return 2;
}
if ( argc > 3 ) {
w = atoi(argv[3]);
}
if ( argc > 4 ) {
h = atoi(argv[4]);
}
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
if ( argc > 5 && argv[5][0] != '\0' ) {
fontpath = argv[5];
}
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
if ( w <= 0 || h <= 0 ) {
usage();
return 2;
}
/*
* Set here rather than left to the environment so the tool answers the same
* on a developer's desktop as it does in CI. A figure regenerated over a
* real GPU could differ by a pixel of antialiasing and turn every rebuild
* into a diff.
*/
SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_VIDEO_DRIVER, "dummy");
SDL_SetHint(SDL_HINT_RENDER_DRIVER, "software");
ATTEMPT {
CATCH(errctx, read_program(argv[1]));
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
CATCH(errctx, draw_program(argv[2], w, h, fontpath));
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
} CLEANUP {
Rewrite the two game tutorials as instructions rather than commentary Chapters 17 and 18 read as a code review of a finished listing: they explained why each decision had been made, walked through the project's own history, and led with what had once been broken. A reader who wanted to build the game got the reasoning and had to reconstruct the program. Both are now step-by-step. Each opens with a picture of the finished game and a bullet list of the steps, each bullet is a section, and each section states its goal, shows the code, and says how to check it. Chapter 17 is sixteen steps and Chapter 18 is thirteen, and the last of each is the assembly: the order of the file, the full declaration block, and the routines the earlier steps referred to. Project history is gone -- it belongs in Chapter 14 and in git -- and where a listing has to do something awkward, the tutorial shows how first and names the `TODO.md` item that will make it unnecessary second. **Three defects had no entry anywhere**, which the rewrite found by trying to state each rule as a rule. §6 item 35: `a - b + c` computes `a - (b + c)`, because `subtraction()` sits above `addition()` as its own precedence level and the inner loop eats the `+`. Item 36: only one unparenthesised `AND` or `OR` is matched, which is item 12's `if`-where-`while` on the one operator pair item 12 did not reach. Item 37: a `GOTO` out of a `FOR` or a `DO` leaks the loop's scope, so a main loop written that way stops on the thirty-second lost life -- which is why both games are built out of `LABEL` and `GOTO`, and it is a workaround rather than a preference. Chapter 3 gains the identifier rule the third trial ran into: there is no underscore in a name, and the error says `UNKNOWN TOKEN _`. **`tools/screenshot.c` learned to draw the text layer**, behind a new `text=1` fence attribute, because Chapter 17's game is characters in the grid and a figure without that layer is two sprites on black. It opens the bundled font at the size the standalone frontend uses, so a figure's cell size is the reader's cell size, and it uses the akgl sink alone rather than a tee so the program's output lands in the picture instead of on the stdout the caller reads to decide a figure failed. Both new figures -- `breakout-game.png` and `breakout-game-artwork.png` -- are generated from listings in the chapters like every other one. Verified by handing each chapter, alone, to an agent on a much smaller model and telling it to build the game from the tutorial text with the `examples/` tree off limits. The first pass scored 3.5 and 3 out of 10 and named what was missing: routines referred to but never shown, the third level layout, the sprite `DATA`, the font table, edits to earlier routines that were never marked as edits. Those are now in. The second pass built a 658-line Chapter 17 game that plays itself for ninety seconds with the score at 1890 and no error line, and the third built a 1053-line Chapter 18 game with 61 labels, no invented routines, no gaps found, and forty seconds clean. 9/10 and 8/10. One real bug in the new prose, caught in review: Chapter 18's `HITBAR` did not set the `HIT#` that `BALLPADDLE` reads to decide whether the paddle already caught the ball. Both suites green in both configurations, `docs_examples` and `docs_screenshots --check` pass. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EwxGB6TdoVvZ11KQQME9cL
2026-08-02 08:08:23 -04:00
if ( FONT != NULL ) {
TTF_CloseFont(FONT);
FONT = NULL;
TTF_Quit();
}
Take libakgl 0.5.0 and rename every symbol it namespaced 0.5.0 gives every exported symbol the akgl_ prefix, which is the first libakgl release to break this project's source rather than only its ABI. The soname goes to libakgl.so.0.5 and include/akbasic/akgl.h asserts the floor. What moved here: akgl_render_bind2d is akgl_render_2d_bind, akgl_sprite_sheet_coords_for_frame is akgl_spritesheet_coords_for_frame, the renderer, camera and window globals carry the prefix, and _akgl_renderer and _akgl_camera are akgl_default_renderer and akgl_default_camera. The renames were applied by site rather than by pattern, because renderer is also a parameter name in src/sprite_akgl.c and a struct member throughout src/frontend_akgl.c -- a substitution would have rewritten both without a word. That is the same trap upstream describes hitting, and it is worth knowing that the defect behind the rename was not cosmetic: an exported global called renderer collided with a test's own variable, the executable's definition preempted the library's, and every texture load in that suite failed while the suite passed. 0.5.0 also fixes libakgl defect 26, which was one of the two reasons src/sprite_akgl.c installs its own renderfunc: akgl_actor_render took its destination height from the sprite's width, drawing a 24x21 Commodore sprite as a 24x24 square. The renderfunc stays, because the other reason has not moved -- an actor carries one scalar scale and SPRITE has separate x- and y-expand bits -- but the comments and TODO.md deviation 40 no longer claim a defect that is fixed. Every documentation figure re-renders byte-identical under the new library, which is what says the sprite and drawing paths did not move underneath them. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 08:01:43 -04:00
if ( akgl_window != NULL ) {
SDL_DestroyWindow(akgl_window);
akgl_window = NULL;
Generate the documentation's figures from the listings they illustrate Chapters 6 and 8 described what a verb draws in prose. Eight figures now show it, and each one is produced by running the BASIC listing printed immediately above it -- so a picture cannot drift away from the code beside it, which is the way a screenshot goes wrong and the way nothing notices. tools/screenshot.c is a second SDL host, much smaller than the frontend: dummy video driver, software renderer, run to completion, read the target back, write a PNG. It draws no text layer on purpose, so a READY in the corner is not noise in a figure about BOX and no font has to be resolved. tools/docs_screenshots.sh reads the new screenshot=NAME fence tag straight out of the markdown. size=WxH is the second tag, and SCALE's figure uses it: the point being made is a 320x200 listing filling a larger window, which cannot be made on a 320x200 surface. Two gates, answering different questions. docs_examples fails a tagged block with no image, in both configurations, so a figure cannot be added and forgotten. docs_screenshots -- a CTest, AKGL build only -- re-renders every figure and compares byte for byte, so a listing edited without regenerating fails. Only the second catches a stale picture. The PNGs are checked in because a reader on the forge has no build tree, and docs/images/README.md says loudly that they are generated. Regenerating is never part of a build: the target is run deliberately, so a make cannot put eight binary diffs in front of whoever ran it. Drawing the BOX figure caught a defect in TODO.md itself. Deviation 16 claimed in bold that BOX fills on a negative angle while its own paragraph said the fill was filed rather than implemented. BOX cannot fill, and filled_rect is reached by no verb as a result. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-01 07:37:04 -04:00
}
SDL_Quit();
} PROCESS(errctx) {
} HANDLE_DEFAULT(errctx) {
LOG_ERROR_WITH_MESSAGE(errctx, "could not draw the screenshot");
return 1;
/*
* FINISH_NORETURN rather than FINISH, matching src/main.c and
* tests/akgl_backends.c: FINISH expands a `return __err_context` that
* this int-returning function cannot compile even where the branch is
* unreachable.
*/
} FINISH_NORETURN(errctx);
return 0;
}
Reference in New Issue Copy Permalink