Fix five defects the port uncovered in the reference parser and scanner

Chained subtraction and exponentiation fold left instead of abandoning the
rest of the line -- `1 - 2 - 3` gave -1 and dropped the `- 3`. A unary leaf's
operand moves to .left, so a negative literal is one argument again and a
second argument no longer overwrites it. An operator in a line's final column
survives. Hex literals reach the parser whole. A leading zero is padding, not
a radix.

Item 16 stays pinned: the fix works and costs an upstream golden case, which
is a decision rather than a defect.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

tests/language/numeric/octal_literal.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+10
 8
-? 60 : PARSE ERROR trailing junk "8" after the number in "08"
-
+255
+17