Finish the language: every remaining verb group, and the defects that blocked them

Closes groups A, C, D, E, F, H and J of TODO.md section 4, plus RESTORE and
RENUMBER, and closes section 6 -- all seventeen reference defects. Seven of
those turned out to have been fixed or never ported and nobody had written it
down; the audit records the evidence for each.

Two of the seventeen were real. math_plus mutated its left operand when the
operand was mutable, so A# + 1 could modify A#; it was gated on FOR/NEXT
coverage because NEXT relied on the mutation, so tests/for_next.c came first
and NEXT now writes the counter back itself. And the binary operators summed
both numeric fields of their right operand, which no BASIC program can reach
-- that one needed a test written against the value API.

Writing the tests turned up eight defects nobody had listed. Seven are fixed:

  IF A = 2 THEN was a parse error; only == worked
  IF ... AND ... was a parse error, because a condition parsed as one relation
  IF A = 1 OR B = 2 THEN was silently always false, and so was IF A THEN
  EXIT before any NEXT restarted the program and exhausted the variable pool
  READ never found a DATA line above it, and swallowed the lines between
  PRINT 2 + 2 at the prompt was filed as program text instead of answering
  a short read discarded its bytes, so COPY produced empty files
  every verb taking an argument list said "peek() returned nil token!" on none

The eighth is not fixed and cannot be quietly: a FOR whose step overshoots
runs its body one extra time, and FOR I = 1 TO 1 runs it zero times. The two
errors cancel for a step of 1, which is why neither was noticed. Correcting
them changes the expected output of a checked-in acceptance file, and
tests/reference/README.md forbids editing one to suit this interpreter. It is
tests/for_semantics.c in AKBASIC_KNOWN_FAILING_TESTS, asserting the correct
contract, and TODO.md items 19 and 20.

Sprites are real libakgl actors with a renderfunc of their own, because
akgl_actor_render draws every sprite square and an actor has no per-axis
scale. Both are filed upstream. SPRSAV takes an image file, an SSHAPE handle
or a 63-element integer array -- a string here cannot hold a zero byte.

Verbs that need hardware that does not exist are refused by name with the
reason rather than faked: SYS, HEADER, COLLECT, BACKUP, BOOT, FILTER, and
DIRECTORY, which is refused for a missing libakstdlib wrapper filed upstream.

94 tests in the default build, 93 with SDL, 94 under ASan and UBSan, doxygen
clean. The Go acceptance corpus stayed green throughout.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

tests/language/errors/trap.bas

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+10 REM TRAP catches a BASIC error and sends the program to a handler.
+20 TRAP HANDLER
+30 DIM Q#(2)
+40 PRINT "BEFORE"
+50 PRINT Q#(9)
+60 PRINT "RESUMED"
+70 TRAP
+80 REM Disarmed again, so this one is reported and stops the program.
+90 PRINT Q#(9)
+100 PRINT "NEVER SEEN"
+200 LABEL HANDLER
+210 PRINT "CAUGHT " + ERR(ER#) + " ON LINE " + EL#
+220 RESUME NEXT

tests/language/errors/trap.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+BEFORE
+CAUGHT Out Of Bounds ON LINE 50
+RESUMED
+? 90 : RUNTIME ERROR Variable index access out of bounds at dimension 0: 9 (max 1)
+

tests/language/format/using.bas

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+10 REM PRINT USING lays a number out in a fixed field.
+20 PRINT USING "###.##"; 3.14159
+30 PRINT USING "TOTAL: $#,###.##"; 1234.5
+40 PRINT USING "####-"; -42
+50 REM A value too wide for its field fills the field with stars.
+60 PRINT USING "###"; 99999
+70 REM String fields centre and right-justify.
+80 PRINT USING "=========="; "MID"
+90 PRINT USING ">>>>>>>>>>"; "RIGHT"
+100 REM PUDEF changes what a numeric field pads and punctuates with.
+110 PUDEF "*"
+120 PRINT USING "#####"; 42

tests/language/format/using.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+  3.14
+TOTAL: $1,234.50
+  42-
+***
+   MID    
+     RIGHT
+***42

tests/language/sprites/no_device.bas

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+10 REM The standalone driver lends the script no sprite device.
+20 REM SPRCOLOR and the RSP* readbacks only touch interpreter state.
+30 SPRCOLOR 5, 7
+40 PRINT RSPCOLOR(1)
+50 PRINT RSPCOLOR(2)
+60 REM An untouched sprite reads back at the origin, in the default colour.
+70 PRINT RSPPOS(1, 0)
+80 PRINT RSPRITE(1, 1)
+90 REM SPRSAV needs the device, and has to say which verb wanted it.
+100 SPRSAV "ship.png", 1
+110 PRINT "UNREACHED"

tests/language/sprites/no_device.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+5
+7
+0
+2
+? 100 : RUNTIME ERROR SPRSAV needs a sprite device and this runtime has none
+

tests/language/statements/label_forward.bas

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+10 GOTO SKIPAHEAD
+20 PRINT "SKIPPED"
+30 LABEL SKIPAHEAD
+40 PRINT "ARRIVED"
+50 GOSUB LATER
+60 PRINT "BACK"
+70 GOTO DONE
+80 LABEL LATER
+90 PRINT "IN SUB"
+100 RETURN
+110 LABEL DONE
+120 PRINT "FINISHED"

tests/language/statements/label_forward.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ARRIVED
+IN SUB
+BACK
+FINISHED

tests/language/structure/loops.bas

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+10 REM DO/LOOP in all four shapes, plus ON and a multi-line IF block.
+20 I# = 0
+30 DO WHILE I# < 3
+40   PRINT "WHILE " + I#
+50   I# = I# + 1
+60 LOOP
+70 I# = 0
+80 DO
+90   PRINT "UNTIL " + I#
+100   I# = I# + 1
+110 LOOP UNTIL I# = 2
+120 REM A condition already false runs no body at all.
+130 DO WHILE 1 == 2
+140   PRINT "NEVER SEEN"
+150 LOOP
+160 REM ON picks the nth target, one-based, and falls through past the end.
+170 X# = 2
+180 ON X# GOSUB 500, 600
+190 X# = 7
+200 ON X# GOTO 500, 600
+210 PRINT "FELL THROUGH"
+220 REM BEGIN/BEND makes an IF span lines.
+230 IF I# = 2 THEN BEGIN
+240   PRINT "IN BLOCK"
+250 BEND
+260 IF I# = 99 THEN BEGIN
+270   PRINT "NEVER SEEN EITHER"
+280 BEND
+290 END
+500 PRINT "SUB ONE"
+510 RETURN
+600 PRINT "SUB TWO"
+610 RETURN

tests/language/structure/loops.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+WHILE 0
+WHILE 1
+WHILE 2
+UNTIL 0
+UNTIL 1
+SUB TWO
+FELL THROUGH
+IN BLOCK