Files

Take libakerror 2.0.2, libakstdlib and libakgl 0.9.0

Bumps all three ak* submodules to their current main, applies what their
upgrade notes require, and retires the two workarounds they make obsolete.

libakerror 2.0.1 -> 2.0.2 (63 commits). Two of its fixes were this
repository's own filed issues, and both workarounds are gone:

  - It namespaces its embedded `coverage` target now, the same
    CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR test it already applied to `mutation` (its issue #15).
    The add_custom_target() shadow that renamed it on the way past could
    only ever fire on a name the dependency has stopped using, so it is
    deleted rather than left as dead code.
  - It installs akerrorConfigVersion.cmake at SameMajorVersion (its issue
    #16). MAINTENANCE.md said to add a `1.0` floor to our find_dependency
    calls when this landed; the floor is now `2.0`, and we have no
    find_dependency calls to add it to, so the paragraph says that instead
    of an instruction nobody can follow.

Its IGNORE context also changed shape: `__akerr_last_ignored` was an extern
pointer, and is now a per-translation-unit `static akerr_last_ignored` holding
a copy, so the pool slot can be released. Nothing here referenced the symbol,
but it costs us 1.35 MiB of thread-local storage -- 38 TUs x 37,296 bytes,
measured as the entire TLS segment of build/basic, where 2.0.1 produced no TLS
segment at all -- plus 84 -Wunused-variable warnings. Filed upstream as
libakerror issue #37 and recorded in MAINTENANCE.md rather than patched here,
because patching a submodule forks it.

libakstdlib gains directory and file-metadata wrappers with no version bump.
aksl_snprintf keeps its `int *count` -- an intermediate commit removed it and
the merge put it back -- but now reports the required length on truncation
rather than 0. Every call site here reads it only after a successful return,
so nothing moved.

The directory wrappers close the gap DIRECTORY was refused for (libakstdlib
issue #10). The verb is still unwritten, so it still refuses, but it no longer
blames a wrapper that exists: the message is "DIRECTORY is not implemented
yet" and tests/disk_verbs.c asserts both that it says so and that it does not
name libakstdlib. What writing it would need is akbasic issue #55.

libakgl moves to the current main at 0.9.0. It registers libccd and tg as
submodules, so a tree that only ran `git submodule update --init --recursive`
before the bump needs it again or the configure fails on a missing
libccd/src/ccd/config.h.cmake.in.

Verified: 114/114 default, 116/116 under -DAKBASIC_WITH_AKGL=ON, docs_examples
green in both. libakerror's UPGRADING.md documents a 2.0.3 that project()
never stamped, so the version tables read 2.0.2 -- libakerror issue #38.

Co-Authored-By: Andrew Kesterson <andrew@aklabs.net>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Code (Claude Opus 5, claude-opus-5[1m]) <noreply@anthropic.com>

2026-08-05 23:26:15 -04:00

9.5 KiB

Raw Blame History

11. Verb reference

Every statement, alphabetically. This list is generated from the interpreter's own dispatch table, so it cannot drift out of step with what the program actually accepts.

A verb marked Refused parses and then reports why it cannot run — see Chapter 13 for the reasoning in each case.

Verb	Form	What it does
`APPEND`	`APPEND n, "name"`	Open a file on channel `n` for writing at its end.
`AUTO`	`AUTO n`	Number lines automatically in steps of `n`. `AUTO 0` turns it off.
`BACKUP`	`BACKUP`	Refused. Duplicates one disk onto another; there are no disks.
`BEGIN`	`IF c THEN BEGIN`	Start a block that runs to `BEND`, so an `IF` can span lines.
`BEND`	`BEND`	End a `BEGIN` block.
`BLOAD`	`BLOAD "name", addr, len`	Read a file into memory. The length is required.
`BOOT`	`BOOT`	Refused. Loads and runs a boot sector; there is none.
`BOX`	`BOX src, x1, y1, x2, y2 [,angle]`	Outline a rectangle, optionally rotated.
`BSAVE`	`BSAVE "name", from, to`	Write a range of memory to a file.
`CATALOG`	`CATALOG`	Refused. The other name for `DIRECTORY`.
`CHAR`	`CHAR col, x, y, "text"`	Put text at a character cell. Needs a sink with a cursor. Terminates the row where it stops, so it erases whatever followed.
`CIRCLE`	`CIRCLE src, x, y, rx, ry [,...]`	Draw an ellipse, arc or polygon.
`CLR`	`CLR`	Drop every variable and function, keeping the program.
`COLLECT`	`COLLECT`	Refused. Validates a disk's block allocation map.
`COLLISION`	`COLLISION type [,target]`	Call a subroutine when sprites collide. No target disarms it.
`COLOR`	`COLOR src, index`	Bind a colour source to a palette index, 1 to 16.
`CONCAT`	`CONCAT "a", "b"`	Append file `a` to file `b`.
`CONT`	`CONT`	Resume a program stopped by `STOP`.
`COPY`	`COPY "a", "b"`	Copy file `a` to file `b`.
`DATA`	`DATA v [, ...]`	Declare values for `READ`. Collected before the program runs.
`DCLEAR`	`DCLEAR`	Close every open channel. The half of a drive reset that means something.
`DCLOSE`	`DCLOSE [n]`	Close channel `n`, or every channel.
`DEF`	`DEF NAME(args) = expr`	Define a function. Multi-line definitions end in `RETURN`.
`DELETE`	`DELETE [n][-n]`	Delete lines, with the same range forms as `LIST`.
`DIALOG`	`DIALOG ["text"]`	Show a text panel across the bottom of the screen. No argument takes it down. See Chapter 19.
`DIM`	`DIM A#(n [,...])`	Make an array. Subscripts start at zero; `n` is the count.
`DIM` … `AS`	`DIM S@ AS T`, `DIM P@ AS PTR TO T`	Make a structure, or a strict pointer to one. See Chapter 16.
`DIRECTORY`	`DIRECTORY`	Refused. Not written yet; the standard-library wrapper it waited on has landed.
`DLOAD`	`DLOAD "name"`	Load a program from a file.
`DO`	`DO [WHILE c	UNTIL c]`
`DOPEN`	`DOPEN n, "name" [,W]`	Open a file on channel `n`. `W` opens it for writing.
`DRAW`	`DRAW src, x, y [TO x, y ...]`	Plot a point or draw a polyline.
`DSAVE`	`DSAVE "name"`	Save the program to a file.
`DVERIFY`	`DVERIFY "name"`	The other name for `VERIFY`.
`END`	`END`	Stop the program. Does not arm `CONT`.
`ENVELOPE`	`ENVELOPE n, a, d, s, r`	Define one of `PLAY`'s ten envelope presets.
`EXIT`	`EXIT`	Leave the innermost `FOR` or `DO` loop.
`FETCH`	`FETCH count, from, to`	Copy bytes. The same as `STASH`; there is no expansion RAM.
`FILTER`	`FILTER ...`	Refused. There is no filter stage in the audio backend.
`FOR`	`FOR V = a TO b [STEP c]`	Start a counted loop, ended by `NEXT`.
`GET`	`GET V`	Take a keystroke if one is waiting, without stopping.
`GETKEY`	`GETKEY V`	Wait for a keystroke, holding the program but not the host.
`GETMENU`	`GETMENU n, V%`	Wait for a menu choice, holding the program but not the host. Assigns the entry number. See Chapter 19.
`GOSUB`	`GOSUB line`	Call a subroutine, returning on `RETURN`.
`GOTO`	`GOTO line`	Jump to a line or a label.
`GRAPHIC`	`GRAPHIC mode	CLR`
`GSHAPE`	`GSHAPE A$, x, y`	Stamp a region saved by `SSHAPE`.
`HEADER`	`HEADER "name"`	Refused. Formats a disk.
`HELP`	`HELP`	Re-list the line the last error happened on.
`HUD`	`HUD n [,anchor, "text"]`	Pin a line of text to a corner or the centre. No text retires the slot; no arguments retire them all. See Chapter 19.
`IF`	`IF c THEN s [ELSE s]`	Branch. Everything after `THEN` belongs to the condition.
`INPUT`	`INPUT ["prompt"] V`	Read a line from the user.
`INPUT#`	`INPUT #n, V`	Read a line from a channel.
`KEY`	`KEY [n, "text"]`	Define a function-key macro, or list them all.
`LABEL`	`LABEL NAME`	Mark this line with a name any branch can use.
`LET`	`LET V = expr`	Assign. Optional; assignment needs no verb.
`LIST`	`LIST [n][-n]`	List the program, or part of it.
`LOAD`	`LOAD "name"`	The other name for `DLOAD`.
`LOCATE`	`LOCATE x, y`	Move the pixel cursor.
`LOOP`	`LOOP [WHILE c	UNTIL c]`
`MENU`	`MENU [n [,"item", ...]]`	Show a menu the player picks from. No entries retires it; no arguments retire them all. See Chapter 19.
`MOVSPR`	`MOVSPR n, ...`	Move a sprite. Four forms; see Chapter 8.
`NEW`	`NEW`	Erase the program and every variable.
`NEXT`	`NEXT V`	End a `FOR` loop and advance its counter.
`ON`	`ON e GOTO	GOSUB t [,...]`
`PAINT`	`PAINT src, x, y`	Flood-fill the region containing a point.
`PLAY`	`PLAY "notes"`	Queue notes. Does not block.
`POINT`	`POINT P@ AT s@`	Aim a strict pointer at a structure. See Chapter 16.
`POKE`	`POKE addr, byte`	Write a byte to a real address.
`PRINT`	`PRINT [expr]`	Print a value and a newline.
`PRINT#`	`PRINT #n, expr`	Write a line to a channel.
`PUDEF`	`PUDEF "chars"`	Redefine what `PRINT USING` pads and punctuates with.
`QUIT`	`QUIT`	End the interpreter.
`READ`	`READ V [,...]`	Fill variables from the next `DATA` items.
`RECORD`	`RECORD n, r [,pos]`	Position a channel at record `r`. Records are lines.
`RENAME`	`RENAME "a", "b"`	Rename a file.
`RENUMBER`	`RENUMBER [start [,step [,from]]]`	Renumber lines, rewriting every branch to match.
`RESTORE`	`RESTORE [line]`	Reset the `READ` cursor, optionally to a line.
`RESUME`	`RESUME [NEXT	line]`
`RETURN`	`RETURN [expr]`	Return from a `GOSUB` or a multi-line `DEF`.
`RUN`	`RUN [line]`	Run the program, optionally from a line.
`SAVE`	`SAVE "name"`	The other name for `DSAVE`.
`SCALE`	`SCALE on [,xmax, ymax]`	Turn user coordinates on or off.
`SCNCLR`	`SCNCLR`	Clear the text screen.
`SCRATCH`	`SCRATCH "name"`	Delete a file.
`SLEEP`	`SLEEP seconds`	Pause. Holds the program, not the host.
`SOLID`	`SOLID [id [,x1, y1, x2, y2]]`	Register static collision geometry a sprite can hit. No rectangle retires it; no arguments retires them all. See Chapter 8.
`SOUND`	`SOUND v, freq, dur [,...]`	Play a tone on a voice. Does not block.
`SPRCOLOR`	`SPRCOLOR [c1] [,c2]`	Set the two shared multicolour registers.
`SPRHIT`	`SPRHIT n, kind [,x1, y1, x2, y2]`	Give a sprite a collision shape. Kind 0 none, 1 box, 2 circle, 3 or 4 capsule. No rectangle fits the frame. See Chapter 8.
`SPRITE`	`SPRITE n [,on] [,col] [,...]`	Configure a sprite. Omitted arguments are left alone.
`SPRSAV`	`SPRSAV source, n`	Give sprite `n` a picture. Three source forms; see Chapter 8.
`SSHAPE`	`SSHAPE A$, x1, y1 [,x2, y2]`	Save a screen region; `A$` receives a handle.
`STASH`	`STASH count, from, to`	Copy bytes. The same as `FETCH`.
`STOP`	`STOP`	Stop the program; `CONT` resumes it.
`SWAP`	`SWAP A, B`	Exchange two variables of the same type.
`SYS`	`SYS addr`	Refused. There is no 6502 and no ROM to call.
`TEMPO`	`TEMPO n`	How fast `PLAY` releases its queue.
`TRAP`	`TRAP [target]`	Send errors to a handler. No target disarms it.
`TROFF`	`TROFF`	Turn line tracing off.
`TRON`	`TRON`	Turn line tracing on; each line prints its number in brackets.
`TYPE`	`TYPE NAME` … `END TYPE`	Declare a record, its fields one per line. See Chapter 16.
`UISTYLE`	`UISTYLE [fill, edge, ink [,pad [,radius]]]`	The one look every widget draws with. No arguments restores the default. See Chapter 19.
`VERIFY`	`VERIFY "name"`	Compare the program in memory against a file.
`VOL`	`VOL n`	Set the overall volume, 0 to 15.
`WAIT`	`WAIT addr, mask [,xor]`	Poll a byte until it matches. Holds the program.
`WIDTH`	`WIDTH 1	2`
`WINDOW`	`WINDOW l, t, r, b [,clear]`	Constrain the text area. Needs a sink with a grid.

Words that are not verbs

AND, ELSE, NOT, OR, REM, STEP, THEN, TO, UNTIL, USING and WHILE are reserved, but none of them is a statement on its own — each is consumed by the verb it belongs to.

Deliberately absent

BANK, FAST, MONITOR and SPRDEF have no table entry at all. The first three are incompatible with a modern machine — there is no bank switching, no CPU speed to control, and no machine-language monitor to drop into. SPRDEF is an interactive full-screen editor rather than a programmable verb.

9.5 KiB Raw Blame History

11. Verb reference

Words that are not verbs

Deliberately absent

9.5 KiB

Raw Blame History