Andrew Kesterson
5c5bf63356
The graphics verbs documented a coordinate transform that did not exist. With SCALE off a coordinate went straight to akgl_draw_* as a pixel address, so an 800x600 window drew a C128 listing into its corner and left the rest unused -- while the chapter said coordinates were 320x200 and stretching to fit was the host's business. akbasic_GraphicsBackend gains a size entry point, require_graphics() asks it before every verb that draws so a resized window is honoured between two statements, and 320x200 becomes the fallback for a backend that leaves it NULL. It is the record's one optional member, so a host written against the old header keeps the behaviour it had. SCALE now maps onto the device, and RGR(1)/RGR(2) report the drawing surface so a program can use a window whose size it did not choose. RGR(0) is BASIC 7.0's own field, the GRAPHIC mode. SCALE also mapped xmax onto the width rather than onto the last pixel, so SCALE 1, 319, 199 followed by DRAW 1, 319, 199 drew nothing at all -- one pixel past the surface. Fixed in the same line, because it is what makes "SCALE gives a C128 listing the whole window" true rather than nearly true. The akgl test renders against a 128x128 target, deliberately smaller than the old constants: a SCALE still dividing by them misses it entirely rather than landing somewhere plausible. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
3.2 KiB
3.2 KiB
12. Function reference
Every function, alphabetically, generated from the interpreter's own dispatch table.
A function is called with parentheses and yields a value; it cannot stand alone as a statement. The arity column is how many arguments it takes — the interpreter checks it, so a call with the wrong number is a syntax error rather than a surprise.
| Function | Args | Form | What it gives |
|---|---|---|---|
ABS |
1 | ABS(n) |
The absolute value of an integer or float. |
ATN |
1 | ATN(n) |
Arctangent, in radians. |
BUMP |
1 | BUMP(1) |
Which sprites have collided, as a bitmask. Reading clears it. |
CHR |
1 | CHR(n) |
The character for a Unicode code point, as a string. |
COS |
1 | COS(n) |
Cosine, in radians. |
ERR |
1 | ERR(n) |
The message text for an error code. ERR(ER#) names the last one. |
HEX |
1 | HEX(n) |
An integer as hexadecimal text. |
INSTR |
2 | INSTR(A$, B$) |
Where B$ appears in A$, counting from zero, or -1. |
LEFT |
2 | LEFT(A$, n) |
The leftmost n characters. Clamped to the string's length. |
LEN |
1 | LEN(x) |
The length of a string, or the element count of an array. |
LOG |
1 | LOG(n) |
Natural logarithm. |
MID |
3 | MID(A$, start, len) |
A substring, counting from zero. |
MOD |
2 | MOD(a, b) |
The remainder of a / b. Integers only. |
PEEK |
1 | PEEK(addr) |
The byte at a real address. |
POINTER |
1 | POINTER(V) |
The address of a variable's value. |
POINTERVAR |
1 | POINTERVAR(V) |
The address of the variable structure itself, metadata included. |
RAD |
1 | RAD(n) |
Degrees converted to radians. |
RGR |
1 | RGR(f) |
The GRAPHIC mode (0), or the drawing surface's width (1) or height (2) in pixels. |
RIGHT |
2 | RIGHT(A$, n) |
The rightmost n characters. Clamped. |
RSPCOLOR |
1 | RSPCOLOR(n) |
One of SPRCOLOR's two shared registers, 1 or 2. |
RSPPOS |
2 | RSPPOS(n, f) |
A sprite's x (0), y (1) or speed (2). |
RSPRITE |
2 | RSPRITE(n, f) |
One of a sprite's SPRITE settings, in SPRITE's argument order. |
SGN |
1 | SGN(n) |
-1, 0 or 1 according to the sign. |
SHL |
2 | SHL(n, bits) |
Shift left. |
SHR |
2 | SHR(n, bits) |
Shift right. |
SIN |
1 | SIN(n) |
Sine, in radians. |
SPC |
1 | SPC(n) |
A string of n spaces. |
STR |
1 | STR(n) |
A number as a string. |
TAN |
1 | TAN(n) |
Tangent, in radians. |
VAL |
1 | VAL(A$) |
A string as a number. Refuses text that is not one. |
XOR |
2 | XOR(a, b) |
Bitwise exclusive or. |
Reserved variables
Two things a C128 exposes as bare names are ordinary global variables here, because this dialect has no variable name without a type suffix:
| Here | On a C128 | Holds |
|---|---|---|
ER# |
ER |
the code of the last trapped error |
EL# |
EL |
the line it happened on |
TI# |
TI |
jiffies — sixtieths of a second — since the host's clock started |
TI$ |
TI$ |
the same time as HHMMSS |
ER# carries this interpreter's error code, not a Commodore error number. There is no
correspondence to reproduce — the errors raised here are not the errors a 1985 ROM
raised — so print ERR(ER#) rather than the number.