akbasic/src/runtime_commands.c

/**
 * @file runtime_commands.c
 * @brief The verb implementations.
 *
 * Ported from basicruntime_commands.go. Every handler has the signature the
 * dispatch table demands, and every one returns its result through `dest`.
 */

#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <akerror.h>
#include <akstdlib.h>

#include <akbasic/error.h>
#include <akbasic/runtime.h>
#include <akbasic/scanner.h>

#include "verbs.h"

/* Most verbs answer "did something happen"; this is that answer. */
#define SUCCEED_TRUE(__obj, __dest)			\
    do {						\
	*(__dest) = &(__obj)->staticTrueValue;		\
    } while ( 0 )

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_let(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);

    (void)expr; (void)lval; (void)rval;
    /*
     * LET is not required in this dialect or in Commodore BASIC 7.0. Assignment
     * is part of expression evaluation, so there is nothing for LET to do.
     */
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_def(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);

    (void)expr; (void)lval; (void)rval;
    /* The parse handler already installed the function. */
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_print(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    char rendered[AKBASIC_MAX_STRING_LENGTH];

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (expr != NULL), AKERR_NULLPOINTER, "NIL leaf");
    if ( expr->right == NULL ) {
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_println(obj, ""));
	SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }

    /*
     * PRINT USING: the parse handler leaves an argument list of exactly two --
     * the format and the value -- where a plain PRINT leaves a single
     * expression. The list is the only thing that tells them apart.
     */
    {
	akbasic_ASTLeaf *arg = akbasic_leaf_first_argument(expr);

	if ( arg != NULL && arg->next != NULL ) {
	    akbasic_Value *format = NULL;
	    akbasic_Value *value = NULL;
	    char formatted[AKBASIC_MAX_STRING_LENGTH];

	    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, arg, &format));
	    FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (format->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_STRING),
				AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE, "PRINT USING expected a format string");
	    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, arg->next, &value));
	    PASS(errctx, akbasic_format_using(&obj->format_state, format->stringval, value,
					      formatted, sizeof(formatted)));
	    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_println(obj, formatted));
	    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
	    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
	}
    }

    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right, dest));
    /*
     * A structure renders through the type table rather than through
     * akbasic_value_to_string(), which sees one slot and cannot know an instance
     * is a run of them. Split out here rather than pushed down into value.c,
     * because value.c deliberately knows nothing about the runtime.
     */
    if ( (*dest)->valuetype == AKBASIC_TYPE_STRUCT || (*dest)->valuetype == AKBASIC_TYPE_POINTER ) {
	if ( (*dest)->structbase == NULL ) {
	    PASS(errctx, aksl_strcpy(rendered, sizeof(rendered), "NOTHING"));
	} else {
	    PASS(errctx, akbasic_struct_to_string(obj, (*dest)->structtype, (*dest)->structbase,
						  0, rendered, sizeof(rendered)));
	}
    } else {
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_to_string(*dest, rendered, sizeof(rendered)));
    }
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_println(obj, rendered));
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_goto(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Value *target = NULL;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (expr != NULL && expr->right != NULL), AKERR_NULLPOINTER,
		     "Expected GOTO (line number or label)");
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right, &target));
    FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (target->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			"Expected integer");
    obj->environment->nextline = target->intval;
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_gosub(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Value *target = NULL;
    int64_t returnline = 0;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (expr != NULL && expr->right != NULL), AKERR_NULLPOINTER,
		     "Expected GOSUB (line number or label)");
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right, &target));
    FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (target->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			"Expected integer");
    returnline = obj->environment->lineno + 1;
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_new_environment(obj));
    obj->environment->gosubReturnLine = returnline;
    obj->environment->nextline = target->intval;
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_return(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Value *result = NULL;
    bool waiting = false;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    /*
     * A RETURN reached while skipping forward to one is the end of a DEF body,
     * not a subroutine return. Stop waiting and carry on.
     */
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_is_waiting_for(obj->environment, "RETURN", &waiting));
    if ( waiting ) {
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_stop_waiting(obj->environment, "RETURN"));
	SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (obj->environment->gosubReturnLine != 0), AKBASIC_ERR_STATE,
		     "RETURN outside the context of GOSUB");

    if ( expr != NULL && expr->right != NULL ) {
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right, &result));
    } else {
	result = &obj->staticTrueValue;
    }
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (obj->environment->parent != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_ENVIRONMENT,
		     "RETURN from an orphaned environment");
    obj->environment->parent->nextline = obj->environment->gosubReturnLine;
    /*
     * Parked on the *parent*, not on this environment.
     *
     * This one is about to be popped and released, so a caller reading a result
     * out of it would be reading a pool slot that is free again -- safe only for
     * as long as nothing else acquires one, which is not a property worth
     * relying on. The parent is the caller, which is exactly who wants it, and
     * it is still there afterwards.
     */
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_clone(result, &obj->environment->parent->returnValue));
    /*
     * Leaving an interrupt handler re-arms interrupts. Compared by identity
     * rather than by a depth counter so that a GOSUB the handler itself makes
     * returns without re-arming: it is *this* environment that has to pop.
     */
    if ( obj->environment == obj->handlerenv ) {
	obj->handlerenv = NULL;
    }
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_prev_environment(obj));
    *dest = result;
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_stop(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);

    (void)expr; (void)lval; (void)rval;
    /*
     * Where CONT will pick up, taken here because the REPL is about to start
     * moving the line counters for whatever gets typed at it.
     */
    obj->stoppedline = obj->environment->nextline;
    obj->stopped = true;
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_set_mode(obj, AKBASIC_MODE_REPL));
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_quit(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);

    (void)expr; (void)lval; (void)rval;
    /*
     * Sets a mode and returns. Nothing in this library calls exit() -- the
     * driver's main() decides what quitting means, and an embedding game may
     * decide it means something else entirely.
     */
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_set_mode(obj, AKBASIC_MODE_QUIT));
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_run(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Value *target = NULL;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    /* A fresh RUN is not something CONT may resume into. */
    obj->stopped = false;
    obj->environment->nextline = 0;
    if ( expr != NULL && expr->right != NULL ) {
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right, &target));
	FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (target->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			    "Expected RUN (line number)");
	obj->environment->nextline = target->intval;
    }
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_set_mode(obj, AKBASIC_MODE_RUN));
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_label(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (expr != NULL && expr->right != NULL), AKERR_NULLPOINTER,
		     "Expected LABEL IDENTIFIER");
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, akbasic_leaf_is_identifier(expr->right), AKBASIC_ERR_SYNTAX,
		     "Expected identifier");
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_set_label(obj->environment, expr->right->identifier,
					       obj->environment->lineno));
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_auto(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Value *step = NULL;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    if ( expr == NULL || expr->right == NULL ) {
	obj->autoLineNumber = 0;
	SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right, &step));
    FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (step->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			"Expected AUTO (integer)");
    obj->autoLineNumber = step->intval;
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

/**
 * @brief `DIM NAME@ AS TYPE`, or `DIM NAME@ AS PTR TO TYPE`.
 *
 * A value takes one run of slots sized by the type. A pointer takes one slot,
 * whatever it ends up pointing at -- it holds a reference, and a reference is
 * one value wide however large the thing on the other end is.
 */
static akerr_ErrorContext *dim_structure(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Variable *variable = NULL;
    int64_t sizes[1] = { 1 };
    int typeindex = -1;
    bool ispointer = (expr->literal_int != 0);

    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx,
		     (expr->right->leaftype == AKBASIC_LEAF_IDENTIFIER_STRUCT),
		     AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
		     "DIM ... AS declares a structure, so %s must end in @",
		     expr->right->identifier);
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_structtype_find(&obj->structtypes, expr->literal_string, &typeindex));
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (typeindex >= 0), AKBASIC_ERR_UNDEFINED,
		     "TYPE %s is not declared", expr->literal_string);

    PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_get(obj->environment, expr->right->identifier, &variable));
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (variable != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_UNDEFINED,
		     "Unable to get variable for identifier %s", expr->right->identifier);
    /*
     * Re-DIMming a structure is refused rather than allowed to grow. The value
     * pool never frees, so a growing re-DIM abandons its old slots -- and a
     * pointer still aimed at them would go on reading the abandoned copy, which
     * is stale rather than wild but wrong either way. Nothing needs it.
     */
    FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (variable->structtype >= 0), AKBASIC_ERR_STATE,
			"%s is already DIMmed as a structure and cannot be re-DIMmed",
			expr->right->identifier);

    sizes[0] = (ispointer ? 1 : obj->structtypes.types[typeindex].slotcount);
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_variable_init(variable, &obj->valuepool, sizes, 1));
    variable->valuetype = AKBASIC_TYPE_STRUCT;
    variable->structtype = typeindex;
    variable->ispointer = ispointer;
    if ( ispointer ) {
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_zero(&variable->values[0]));
	variable->values[0].valuetype = AKBASIC_TYPE_POINTER;
	variable->values[0].structtype = typeindex;
	variable->values[0].structbase = NULL;
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }
    /*
     * Give every slot the type its field declared, so a record that has just
     * been DIMmed reads as zeros rather than as undefined values. A program can
     * PRINT one before assigning anything, and `RECT(W#=0, H#=0)` is an answer
     * where `(UNDEFINED STRING REPRESENTATION FOR 0)` is a puzzle.
     */
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_struct_init_slots(obj, typeindex, variable->values));
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_dim(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Variable *variable = NULL;
    akbasic_ASTLeaf *walk = NULL;
    akbasic_Value *size = NULL;
    int64_t sizes[AKBASIC_MAX_ARRAY_DEPTH];
    int sizecount = 0;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (expr != NULL && expr->right != NULL &&
			      akbasic_leaf_is_identifier(expr->right)),
		     AKBASIC_ERR_SYNTAX, "Expected DIM IDENTIFIER(DIMENSIONS, ...)");

    /*
     * `DIM P@ AS RECT` takes a run of slots sized by the type, which is the same
     * thing `DIM A#(10)` does and deliberately so: a declared TYPE has a known
     * slot count, so an instance is laid out exactly as an array is and needs no
     * pool of its own.
     */
    if ( expr->literal_string[0] != '\0' ) {
	PASS(errctx, dim_structure(obj, expr));
	SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }

    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx,
		     (expr->right->expr != NULL &&
		      expr->right->expr->leaftype == AKBASIC_LEAF_ARGUMENTLIST &&
		      expr->right->expr->operator_ == AKBASIC_TOK_ARRAY_SUBSCRIPT),
		     AKBASIC_ERR_SYNTAX, "Expected DIM IDENTIFIER(DIMENSIONS, ...)");

    PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_get(obj->environment, expr->right->identifier, &variable));
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (variable != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_UNDEFINED,
		     "Unable to get variable for identifier %s", expr->right->identifier);

    for ( walk = expr->right->expr->right; walk != NULL; walk = walk->next ) {
	FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (sizecount < AKBASIC_MAX_ARRAY_DEPTH), AKBASIC_ERR_BOUNDS,
			 "More than %d array dimensions", AKBASIC_MAX_ARRAY_DEPTH);
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, walk, &size));
	FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (size->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			    "Array dimensions must evaluate to integer");
	sizes[sizecount] = size->intval;
	sizecount += 1;
    }
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_variable_init(variable, &obj->valuepool, sizes, sizecount));
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_variable_zero(variable));
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

/*
 * POKE and PEEK write and read a single byte at a caller-supplied address.
 *
 * The pointer.bas golden case sets A# = 255 and expects PEEK(POINTER(A#)) to be
 * 255, which holds only on a little-endian machine: A# is an int64_t and the
 * low byte has to come first. Stated here rather than discovered later.
 */
akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_poke(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_ASTLeaf *arg = NULL;
    akbasic_Value *addrval = NULL;
    akbasic_Value *byteval = NULL;
    uint8_t *target = NULL;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (expr != NULL), AKERR_NULLPOINTER, "NIL leaf");
    arg = akbasic_leaf_first_argument(expr);
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (arg != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_SYNTAX, "POKE expected INTEGER, INTEGER");

    /* The address must be the live value, not a copy of it. */
    obj->eval_clone_identifiers = false;
    ATTEMPT {
	CATCH(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, arg, &addrval));
    } CLEANUP {
	obj->eval_clone_identifiers = true;
    } PROCESS(errctx) {
    } FINISH(errctx, true);

    FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (addrval->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			"POKE expected INTEGER, INTEGER");
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx,
		     (arg->next != NULL &&
		      (arg->next->leaftype == AKBASIC_LEAF_LITERAL_INT ||
		       arg->next->leaftype == AKBASIC_LEAF_IDENTIFIER_INT)),
		     AKBASIC_ERR_SYNTAX, "POKE expected INTEGER, INTEGER");
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (addrval->intval != 0), AKBASIC_ERR_VALUE,
		     "POKE got NIL pointer or uninitialized variable");

    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, arg->next, &byteval));
    target = (uint8_t *)(uintptr_t)addrval->intval;
    *target = (uint8_t)byteval->intval;
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_input(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_ASTLeaf *identifier = NULL;
    akbasic_Value *prompt = NULL;
    akbasic_Value *entered = NULL;
    akbasic_Value *unused = NULL;
    char rendered[AKBASIC_MAX_STRING_LENGTH];
    char buffer[AKBASIC_MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
    long long converted = 0;
    size_t len = 0;
    bool eof = false;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (expr != NULL && expr->right != NULL), AKERR_NULLPOINTER,
		     "Expected INPUT \"PROMPT\" IDENTIFIER");
    identifier = expr->right;

    if ( identifier->left != NULL ) {
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, identifier->left, &prompt));
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_to_string(prompt, rendered, sizeof(rendered)));
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_write(obj, rendered));
    }

    PASS(errctx, obj->sink->readline(obj->sink, buffer, sizeof(buffer), &eof));
    if ( eof ) {
	obj->inputEof = true;
	buffer[0] = '\0';
    }

    PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_new_value(obj->environment, &entered));
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_zero(entered));

    switch ( identifier->leaftype ) {
    case AKBASIC_LEAF_IDENTIFIER_INT:
	entered->valuetype = AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER;
	PASS(errctx, aksl_atoll(buffer, &converted));
	entered->intval = (int64_t)converted;
	break;
    case AKBASIC_LEAF_IDENTIFIER_FLOAT:
	entered->valuetype = AKBASIC_TYPE_FLOAT;
	PASS(errctx, aksl_atof(buffer, &entered->floatval));
	break;
    default:
	entered->valuetype = AKBASIC_TYPE_STRING;
	PASS(errctx, aksl_strlen(buffer, &len));
	FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (len < AKBASIC_MAX_STRING_LENGTH), AKBASIC_ERR_VALUE,
			 "Input line exceeds the %d character limit", AKBASIC_MAX_STRING_LENGTH - 1);
	/* aksl_strcpy always terminates, so the explicit terminator is gone. */
	PASS(errctx, aksl_strcpy(entered->stringval, sizeof(entered->stringval), buffer));
	break;
    }
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_assign(obj->environment, identifier, entered, &unused));
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

/* LIST and DELETE share the range grammar: bare, n, -n, or n-n. */
static akerr_ErrorContext *parse_line_range(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, int64_t *startidx, int64_t *endidx)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Value *value = NULL;

    *startidx = 0;
    *endidx = AKBASIC_MAX_SOURCE_LINES - 1;
    if ( expr == NULL || expr->right == NULL ) {
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }

    if ( expr->right->leaftype == AKBASIC_LEAF_BINARY &&
	 expr->right->operator_ == AKBASIC_TOK_MINUS ) {
	/* n-n: a subtraction leaf is how the expression parser sees a range. */
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right->left, &value));
	FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (value->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			    "Expected a line number range");
	*startidx = value->intval;
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right->right, &value));
	FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (value->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			    "Expected a line number range");
	*endidx = value->intval;
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }
    if ( expr->right->leaftype == AKBASIC_LEAF_UNARY &&
	 expr->right->operator_ == AKBASIC_TOK_MINUS ) {
	/* -n: from the start through n. A unary leaf's operand is on .left. */
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right->left, &value));
	FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (value->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			    "Expected a line number range");
	*endidx = value->intval;
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }
    /* n: from n to the end. */
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right, &value));
    FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (value->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			"Expected a line number range");
    *startidx = value->intval;
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_list(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    char line[AKBASIC_MAX_LINE_LENGTH * 2];
    int64_t startidx = 0;
    int64_t endidx = 0;
    int64_t i = 0;
    int written = 0;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    PASS(errctx, parse_line_range(obj, expr, &startidx, &endidx));
    if ( startidx < 0 ) {
	startidx = 0;
    }
    if ( endidx >= AKBASIC_MAX_SOURCE_LINES ) {
	endidx = AKBASIC_MAX_SOURCE_LINES - 1;
    }
    for ( i = startidx; i <= endidx; i++ ) {
	if ( obj->source[i].code[0] == '\0' ) {
	    continue;
	}
	PASS(errctx, aksl_snprintf(&written, line, sizeof(line), "%" PRId64 " %s",
				   i, obj->source[i].code));
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_println(obj, line));
    }
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_delete(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    int64_t startidx = 0;
    int64_t endidx = 0;
    int64_t i = 0;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    PASS(errctx, parse_line_range(obj, expr, &startidx, &endidx));
    if ( startidx < 0 ) {
	startidx = 0;
    }
    if ( endidx >= AKBASIC_MAX_SOURCE_LINES ) {
	endidx = AKBASIC_MAX_SOURCE_LINES - 1;
    }
    for ( i = startidx; i <= endidx; i++ ) {
	obj->source[i].code[0] = '\0';
	obj->source[i].lineno = 0;
	obj->source[i].numbered = false;
    }
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

/* Resolve a DLOAD/DSAVE filename argument to a string. */
static akerr_ErrorContext *filename_argument(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, char *dest, size_t len)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Value *value = NULL;
    size_t namelen = 0;

    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (expr != NULL && expr->right != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_SYNTAX,
		     "Expected a filename");
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right, &value));
    FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (value->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_STRING), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			"Expected a filename string");
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (value->stringval[0] != '\0'), AKBASIC_ERR_VALUE,
		     "Filename must not be empty");
    PASS(errctx, aksl_strlen(value->stringval, &namelen));
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (namelen < len), AKBASIC_ERR_BOUNDS,
		     "Filename exceeds the %zu character limit", len - 1);
    /* aksl_strcpy always terminates, so the explicit terminator is gone. */
    PASS(errctx, aksl_strcpy(dest, len, value->stringval));
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

/**
 * @brief Read one line, reporting end of stream rather than raising it.
 *
 * aksl_fgets raises AKERR_EOF where fgets(3) returned NULL, so the end of an
 * ordinary file arrives as an error and has to be handled. It is handled here,
 * in a function whose ATTEMPT block contains no loop at all, because a CATCH
 * inside a loop expands to a break that leaves the loop rather than the
 * ATTEMPT. The caller reads @p eof instead.
 */
static akerr_ErrorContext *dload_read_line(FILE *fp, char *buffer, size_t len, bool *eof)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    size_t used = 0;

    *eof = false;
    ATTEMPT {
	CATCH(errctx, aksl_fgets(buffer, len, fp, &used));
    } CLEANUP {
    } PROCESS(errctx) {
    } HANDLE(errctx, AKERR_EOF) {
	*eof = true;
	used = 0;
    } FINISH(errctx, true);

    while ( used > 0 && (buffer[used - 1] == '\n' || buffer[used - 1] == '\r') ) {
	buffer[used - 1] = '\0';
	used -= 1;
    }
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

/**
 * @brief Read a whole program in, one line at a time.
 *
 * Hoisted out of akbasic_cmd_dload()'s ATTEMPT block because a loop inside one
 * can use neither CATCH -- which breaks the loop -- nor PASS, which returns
 * past CLEANUP and leaves the file open. Out here PASS is correct, and the
 * caller CATCHes this one call.
 */
static akerr_ErrorContext *dload_read_program(akbasic_Runtime *obj, FILE *fp,
					      char *buffer, size_t buflen,
					      char *scanned, size_t scanlen)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    bool eof = false;

    for ( ;; ) {
	PASS(errctx, dload_read_line(fp, buffer, buflen, &eof));
	if ( eof ) {
	    break;
	}
	if ( buffer[0] == '\0' ) {
	    continue;
	}
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_scanner_scan(obj, buffer, scanned, scanlen));
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_file_line(obj, scanned));
    }
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

/**
 * @brief Write every stored line out, numbered.
 *
 * Hoisted out of akbasic_cmd_dsave()'s ATTEMPT block for the same reason
 * dload_read_program() is.
 */
static akerr_ErrorContext *dsave_write_program(akbasic_Runtime *obj, FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    size_t written = 0;
    int64_t i = 0;
    int count = 0;

    for ( i = 0; i < AKBASIC_MAX_SOURCE_LINES; i++ ) {
	if ( obj->source[i].code[0] == '\0' ) {
	    continue;
	}
	/*
	 * aksl_snprintf's count is the length it wrote, and it treats
	 * truncation as an error rather than reporting a length it did not
	 * write -- so it is what goes to fwrite, and the strlen that used to
	 * recompute it is gone.
	 */
	PASS(errctx, aksl_snprintf(&count, line, len, "%" PRId64 " %s\n", i, obj->source[i].code));
	/*
	 * The written count is required by libakstdlib 0.2.0 and discarded
	 * here on purpose: a short write is no longer something a caller has
	 * to notice for itself, because that release made it an AKERR_IO
	 * rather than a silent success. Before it, a DSAVE onto a full disk
	 * reported nothing.
	 */
	PASS(errctx, aksl_fwrite(line, 1, (size_t)count, fp, &written));
    }
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_dload(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    char filename[AKBASIC_MAX_STRING_LENGTH];
    char buffer[AKBASIC_MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
    char scanned[AKBASIC_MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
    FILE *fp = NULL;
    int64_t i = 0;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    /*
     * aksl_fopen does not NULL-check pathname or mode and fopen(NULL, ...) is
     * undefined, so the name is validated here before it is handed over --
     * libakstdlib's UPGRADING.md.
     */
    PASS(errctx, filename_argument(obj, expr, filename, sizeof(filename)));

    /* DLOAD replaces the program in memory, so clear it before reading. */
    for ( i = 0; i < AKBASIC_MAX_SOURCE_LINES; i++ ) {
	obj->source[i].code[0] = '\0';
	obj->source[i].lineno = 0;
	obj->source[i].numbered = false;
    }
    obj->environment->lineno = 0;
    obj->environment->nextline = 0;

    ATTEMPT {
	CATCH(errctx, aksl_fopen(filename, "r", &fp));
	/*
	 * The read is one CATCH of one call, because the loop it used to be
	 * lives in dload_read_program() now: inside this block a loop can use
	 * neither CATCH nor PASS without either escaping the loop or returning
	 * past the fclose below.
	 */
	CATCH(errctx, dload_read_program(obj, fp, buffer, sizeof(buffer),
					 scanned, sizeof(scanned)));
    } CLEANUP {
	if ( fp != NULL ) {
	    IGNORE(aksl_fclose(fp));
	}
    } PROCESS(errctx) {
    } FINISH(errctx, true);

    /*
     * Abandon the rest of the line that ran this. Scanning the file above went
     * through the runtime's own scanner, so the tokens of the calling line are
     * gone and `hadlinenumber` and `environment->lineno` now describe the last
     * line of the *file*. Carrying on would parse whatever the scanner happens
     * to be holding and, in REPL mode, file the DLOAD command itself as program
     * text under that line number -- which silently overwrote the last line of
     * every program loaded this way.
     */
    obj->skiprestofline = true;
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_dsave(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    char filename[AKBASIC_MAX_STRING_LENGTH];
    char line[AKBASIC_MAX_LINE_LENGTH * 2];
    FILE *fp = NULL;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    PASS(errctx, filename_argument(obj, expr, filename, sizeof(filename)));

    ATTEMPT {
	CATCH(errctx, aksl_fopen(filename, "w", &fp));
	CATCH(errctx, dsave_write_program(obj, fp, line, sizeof(line)));
    } CLEANUP {
	if ( fp != NULL ) {
	    IGNORE(aksl_fclose(fp));
	}
    } PROCESS(errctx) {
    } FINISH(errctx, true);

    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_if(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);

    (void)obj; (void)expr; (void)lval; (void)rval; (void)dest;
    /*
     * Unreachable in practice: the IF parse handler produces a BRANCH leaf, and
     * evaluate() handles BRANCH directly. It exists so the table has an exec
     * handler for IF and a stray IF leaf produces a diagnosis rather than
     * "Unknown command".
     */
    FAIL_RETURN(errctx, AKBASIC_ERR_STATE, "Malformed IF statement");
}

/*
 * The loop condition, evaluated at the bottom of the structure. A negative step
 * means the loop runs while the counter is at or above the TO value; a positive
 * one, at or below. True means the loop is finished.
 */
static akerr_ErrorContext *evaluate_for_condition(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_Value *counter, bool *met)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Value zero;
    akbasic_Value scratch;
    akbasic_Value *truth = NULL;

    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (counter != NULL), AKERR_NULLPOINTER, "NIL pointer for rval");
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_zero(&zero));
    zero.valuetype = AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER;
    zero.intval = 0;

    PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_less_than(&obj->environment->forStepValue, &zero, &scratch, &truth));
    if ( akbasic_value_is_true(truth) ) {
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_greater_than_equal(&obj->environment->forToValue, counter,
						      &scratch, &truth));
    } else {
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_less_than_equal(&obj->environment->forToValue, counter,
						   &scratch, &truth));
    }
    *met = akbasic_value_is_true(truth);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_for(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Value *assignval = NULL;
    akbasic_Value *tmp = NULL;
    akbasic_Value *counter = NULL;
    int64_t zerosubscript[1] = { 0 };
    bool met = false;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (obj->environment->forToLeaf != NULL && expr != NULL && expr->right != NULL),
		     AKBASIC_ERR_STATE, "Expected FOR ... TO [STEP ...]");
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx,
		     (expr->right->left != NULL &&
		      (expr->right->left->leaftype == AKBASIC_LEAF_IDENTIFIER_INT ||
		       expr->right->left->leaftype == AKBASIC_LEAF_IDENTIFIER_FLOAT ||
		       expr->right->left->leaftype == AKBASIC_LEAF_IDENTIFIER_STRING)),
		     AKBASIC_ERR_SYNTAX, "Expected variable in FOR loop");

    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right, &assignval));
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_get(obj->environment, expr->right->left->identifier,
					 &obj->environment->forNextVariable));
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (obj->environment->forNextVariable != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_UNDEFINED,
		     "Unable to get loop variable %s", expr->right->left->identifier);
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_variable_set_subscript(obj->environment->forNextVariable, assignval,
						zerosubscript, 1));

    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, obj->environment->forToLeaf, &tmp));
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_clone(tmp, &obj->environment->forToValue));
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, obj->environment->forStepLeaf, &tmp));
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_clone(tmp, &obj->environment->forStepValue));
    obj->environment->forToLeaf = NULL;
    obj->environment->forStepLeaf = NULL;

    PASS(errctx, akbasic_variable_get_subscript(obj->environment->forNextVariable,
						zerosubscript, 1, &counter));
    PASS(errctx, evaluate_for_condition(obj, counter, &met));
    if ( met ) {
	/* Zero iterations: skip the body entirely by waiting for the NEXT. */
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_wait_for_command(obj->environment, "NEXT"));
    }
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_next(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Variable *nextvar = NULL;
    akbasic_Value *counter = NULL;
    akbasic_Value *updated = NULL;
    akbasic_Value scratch;
    int64_t zerosubscript[1] = { 0 };
    int cmp = 0;
    bool met = false;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (obj->environment->forNextVariable != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_STATE,
		     "NEXT outside the context of FOR");
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (expr != NULL && expr->right != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_SYNTAX,
		     "Expected NEXT IDENTIFIER");
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx,
		     (expr->right->leaftype == AKBASIC_LEAF_IDENTIFIER_INT ||
		      expr->right->leaftype == AKBASIC_LEAF_IDENTIFIER_FLOAT),
		     AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE, "FOR ... NEXT only valid over INT and FLOAT types");

    obj->environment->loopExitLine = obj->environment->lineno + 1;

    /*
     * An EXIT sent us here. The loop is over whatever the counter says, and it
     * is over for *this* loop -- EXIT leaves the innermost one, and the wait it
     * armed is on the innermost environment, so the first NEXT reached is the
     * right one whether or not it names the same variable.
     */
    if ( obj->environment->exiting ) {
	obj->environment->exiting = false;
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_stop_waiting(obj->environment, "NEXT"));
	FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (obj->environment->parent != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_ENVIRONMENT,
			 "NEXT in an orphaned environment");
	obj->environment->parent->nextline = obj->environment->loopExitLine;
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_prev_environment(obj));
	*dest = &obj->staticFalseValue;
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }

    /*
     * A NEXT for someone else's loop variable: this environment is done, hand
     * the line back to the parent and pop. That is how nested loops unwind.
     */
    PASS(errctx, aksl_strcmp(expr->right->identifier,
			     obj->environment->forNextVariable->name, &cmp));
    if ( cmp != 0 ) {
	FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (obj->environment->parent != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_ENVIRONMENT,
			 "NEXT in an orphaned environment");
	obj->environment->parent->nextline = obj->environment->nextline;
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_prev_environment(obj));
	*dest = &obj->staticFalseValue;
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }

    PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_get(obj->environment, expr->right->identifier, &nextvar));
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (nextvar != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_UNDEFINED,
		     "Unable to get loop variable %s", expr->right->identifier);
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_variable_get_subscript(nextvar, zerosubscript, 1, &counter));
    PASS(errctx, evaluate_for_condition(obj, counter, &met));
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_stop_waiting(obj->environment, "NEXT"));

    if ( met ) {
	if ( obj->environment->parent != NULL ) {
	    obj->environment->parent->nextline = obj->environment->nextline;
	    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_prev_environment(obj));
	}
	SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }

    /*
     * Advance the counter, then store it. math_plus clones like every other
     * operator, so the sum lands in `scratch` and this is what puts it back in
     * the variable. The reference relied on math_plus mutating the counter in
     * place instead, which meant `A# + 1` anywhere in a program could modify
     * `A#` -- TODO.md section 6 item 4.
     */
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_value_math_plus(counter, &obj->environment->forStepValue,
					 &scratch, &updated));
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_variable_set_subscript(nextvar, updated, zerosubscript, 1));
    obj->environment->nextline = obj->environment->loopFirstLine;
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_exit(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);

    (void)expr; (void)lval; (void)rval;
    /*
     * EXIT leaves whichever kind of loop it is standing in, so which verb it
     * skips forward to depends on that: NEXT for a FOR, LOOP for a DO.
     */
    FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx,
			(obj->environment->forToValue.valuetype == AKBASIC_TYPE_UNDEFINED &&
			 !obj->environment->isDoLoop),
			AKBASIC_ERR_STATE, "EXIT outside the context of FOR or DO");
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (obj->environment->parent != NULL), AKBASIC_ERR_ENVIRONMENT,
		     "EXIT in an orphaned environment");
    /*
     * Skip forward to the loop's NEXT rather than jumping past it. The reference
     * jumps to loopExitLine, which is only ever written by NEXT itself -- so an
     * EXIT on the first pass through the loop, which is the ordinary case, jumps
     * to line 0 and restarts the program. Each restart enters FOR again and
     * takes another environment and another variable, so what a reader sees is
     * "Maximum runtime variables reached" reported against the FOR.
     *
     * The wait does the work instead: nothing between here and the NEXT
     * executes, the NEXT sees `exiting` and pops rather than looping, and
     * neither this verb nor that one has to know where the loop ends.
     */
    obj->environment->exiting = true;
    PASS(errctx, akbasic_environment_wait_for_command(obj->environment,
						      (obj->environment->isDoLoop ? "LOOP" : "NEXT")));
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_read(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Environment *env = obj->environment;
    akbasic_ASTLeaf *identifier = NULL;
    akbasic_ASTLeaf assign;
    akbasic_ASTLeaf literal;
    akbasic_Value value;
    akbasic_Value *unused = NULL;
    int i = 0;

    (void)expr; (void)lval; (void)rval;
    /*
     * READ now reads. The reference records its identifiers, sets the scope
     * waiting for a DATA verb and lets execution skip forward until one turns up
     * -- which never finds a DATA line written *above* the READ, and leaves
     * nothing for RESTORE to reset. Every DATA item is pre-scanned into one list
     * before the program runs (see akbasic_data_scan), and this walks a cursor
     * along it. TODO.md section 6.
     */
    for ( i = 0; i < AKBASIC_MAX_LEAVES; i++ ) {
	identifier = env->readIdentifierLeaves[i];
	if ( identifier == NULL ) {
	    break;
	}
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_data_next(obj, akbasic_leaf_identifier_type(identifier), &value));

	/*
	 * Build the assignment by hand rather than through the parser: the
	 * identifier leaf is a stored copy and the value came from the item
	 * list, so there is no source text to re-parse.
	 */
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_leaf_init(&literal, AKBASIC_LEAF_LITERAL_INT));
	if ( value.valuetype == AKBASIC_TYPE_STRING ) {
	    literal.leaftype = AKBASIC_LEAF_LITERAL_STRING;
	    PASS(errctx, aksl_strcpy(literal.literal_string, sizeof(literal.literal_string),
				     value.stringval));
	} else if ( value.valuetype == AKBASIC_TYPE_FLOAT ) {
	    literal.leaftype = AKBASIC_LEAF_LITERAL_FLOAT;
	    literal.literal_float = value.floatval;
	} else {
	    literal.literal_int = value.intval;
	}
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_leaf_init(&assign, AKBASIC_LEAF_BINARY));
	assign.left = identifier;
	assign.right = &literal;
	assign.operator_ = AKBASIC_TOK_ASSIGNMENT;
	PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, &assign, &unused));
    }
    env->readIdentifierIdx = 0;
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_restore(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);
    akbasic_Value *target = NULL;
    int64_t line = 0;
    int i = 0;

    (void)lval; (void)rval;
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (obj != NULL && dest != NULL), AKERR_NULLPOINTER,
		     "NULL argument in RESTORE");

    if ( expr == NULL || expr->right == NULL ) {
	/* Bare RESTORE goes back to the first item, which is what a C128 does. */
	obj->data_state.cursor = 0;
	SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
	SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
    }

    PASS(errctx, akbasic_runtime_evaluate(obj, expr->right, &target));
    FAIL_NONZERO_RETURN(errctx, (target->valuetype != AKBASIC_TYPE_INTEGER), AKBASIC_ERR_TYPE,
			"RESTORE expected a line number or a label");
    line = target->intval;

    /*
     * The first item at or after that line. "At or after" rather than "on",
     * because RESTORE 100 in a program whose DATA is on line 110 should find it
     * -- a program names the line it wants to start reading *from*.
     */
    for ( i = 0; i < obj->data_state.count; i++ ) {
	if ( obj->data_state.items[i].lineno >= line ) {
	    obj->data_state.cursor = i;
	    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
	    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
	}
    }
    /* Nothing at or after it: the next READ is out of data, which is honest. */
    obj->data_state.cursor = obj->data_state.count;
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}

akerr_ErrorContext *akbasic_cmd_data(akbasic_Runtime *obj, akbasic_ASTLeaf *expr, akbasic_Value *lval, akbasic_Value *rval, akbasic_Value **dest)
{
    PREPARE_ERROR(errctx);

    (void)expr; (void)lval; (void)rval;
    FAIL_ZERO_RETURN(errctx, (obj != NULL && dest != NULL), AKERR_NULLPOINTER,
		     "NULL argument in DATA");
    /*
     * Nothing to do. DATA is declaration, not execution: every item was
     * collected into the item list before the program started, so reaching the
     * statement means walking past it. The reference did the assigning here,
     * which is why READ had to skip forward to find one.
     */
    SUCCEED_TRUE(obj, dest);
    SUCCEED_RETURN(errctx);
}