libakgl/include/akgl/staticstring.h

/**
 * @file staticstring.h
 * @brief A fixed-capacity string object handed out by the akgl string heap layer.
 *
 * The library allocates nothing at runtime, so a "string" here is a
 * PATH_MAX-sized buffer claimed from the pool with akgl_heap_next_string and
 * given back with akgl_heap_release_string. Capacity is fixed at compile time:
 * these functions truncate rather than grow, and truncation is silent.
 */

#ifndef _AKGL_STATICSTRING_H_
#define _AKGL_STATICSTRING_H_

#include <string.h>
#include <akerror.h>
#include <limits.h>

#define AKGL_MAX_STRING_LENGTH            PATH_MAX

/** @brief Provides a fixed-capacity, heap-managed string buffer. */
typedef struct
{
    int refcount;                       /**< Pool bookkeeping; 0 means the slot is free. Owned by the heap layer. */
    char data[AKGL_MAX_STRING_LENGTH];  /**< The characters. Not guaranteed NUL-terminated when filled to capacity. */
} akgl_String;

/**
 * @brief Set a pooled string's contents and mark the slot in use.
 *
 * Copies at most #AKGL_MAX_STRING_LENGTH bytes out of @p init, or zeroes the
 * buffer when @p init is `NULL`, then sets `refcount` to 1. Callers normally
 * reach this through akgl_heap_next_string rather than calling it directly.
 *
 * @param obj  The pooled string to (re)initialize. Required. Its previous
 *             contents are discarded without inspection.
 * @param init Initial contents, NUL-terminated. Optional -- `NULL` zero-fills
 *             the buffer instead. An @p init longer than
 *             #AKGL_MAX_STRING_LENGTH is truncated *and left unterminated*,
 *             because this is `strncpy` semantics, not `strlcpy`.
 * @return `NULL` on success, otherwise an error context owned by the caller.
 * @throws AKERR_NULLPOINTER If @p obj is `NULL`.
 *
 * @note Until 0.5.0 the `NULL` @p init path zeroed `sizeof(akgl_String)` bytes
 *       starting at `data`, which is four bytes past the end of the buffer --
 *       `refcount` sits in front of it, so the overrun landed on the next pool
 *       slot's reference count.
 */
akerr_ErrorContext AKERR_NOIGNORE *akgl_string_initialize(akgl_String *obj, char *init);
/**
 * @brief Copy the contents of one pooled string into another.
 *
 * A bounded `strncpy` between two already-claimed pool slots. It copies bytes
 * only: `refcount` is left alone, so @p dest keeps whatever pool state it had.
 *
 * @param src   Source string. Required. Read up to @p count bytes.
 * @param dest   Destination string. Required. Overwritten in place; the pool
 *              slot must already have been claimed.
 * @param count Maximum bytes to copy. 0 selects #AKGL_MAX_STRING_LENGTH, the
 *              whole buffer. A @p count shorter than the source truncates
 *              without writing a terminator; a @p count longer than the source
 *              zero-pads the remainder, per `strncpy`. A negative @p count, or
 *              one above #AKGL_MAX_STRING_LENGTH, is refused -- both buffers
 *              are exactly that long, so a larger count walked off the end of
 *              two pool slots at once.
 * @return `NULL` on success, otherwise an error context owned by the caller.
 * @throws AKERR_NULLPOINTER If @p src or @p dest is `NULL`.
 * @throws AKERR_OUTOFBOUNDS If @p count is negative or above
 *         #AKGL_MAX_STRING_LENGTH.
 * @throws errno Whatever `errno` holds if `strncpy` returns something other
 *         than @p dest. In practice `strncpy` always returns its destination, so
 *         this path is unreachable rather than merely rare.
 */
akerr_ErrorContext AKERR_NOIGNORE *akgl_string_copy(akgl_String *src, akgl_String *dest, int count);
#endif //_AKGL_STATICSTRING_H_